I’m not sure that having every item in their diet available at all times is necessarily advantageous if there’s enough variety.
I agree. Everything all the time might be considered optimal feeding. Commercial feed aims for this within a limited range at minimum cost. This is where the bulk of the research has been concentrated.
I also agree that at different life stages and at different levels of health dietary needs change. Commercial feed doesn't account for this well.
This for example.
https://www.backyardchickens.com/th...off-their-usual-feed-when-they-moult.1498056/
If we accept the a chicken is capable of knowing what it needs to eat, which I believe is true, not even based on studies but the fact that chickens have survived in such a wide range of ecologies, at times with little diversity in forage from what one can see and assess is present then it's hard to make a case against the proposition.
Again, what is true is their egg laying capacity will be less than with an optimal diet.
There is also the matter of the different breeds with different egg laying capacities. I wouldn't expect hight production breeds to fare well on the diets of low capacity free rangers or feral groups.
However, medium layers of good heritage like the Black Minorcan for example seem to do reasonably well in their natural environment with no commercial feed and minimum supplements from human sources.
There is a lot to be said for picking a breed that is suitable for the keeping conditions and the environment as the primary considerationrather than what people might recommend as a cute friendly bird they've kept mainly confined and fed on commercial feed. Yet another factor that is unlikely to go down well with many chicken keepers.
What I have found very interesting is how quickly some of the Ex Battery hens I know who had never even seen a blade of grass before adapt to foraging, often in preference to commercial feed. Some of this transition has I don't doubt been learned from watching other non battery hens foraging but the weighting between instinct and learned behaviour isn't clear.