- Jan 11, 2007
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What are the anti-nutritional factors?
http://www.ublcorp.com/xylanaseenzyme.html
".....Antinutritive Factors in Wheat and Barley
Wheat, barley, triticale, rye, and oats contain relatively high proportions of antinutritive carbohydrates known as nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs). The intestinal viscosity caused by water-soluble NSPs dramatically reduces bird performance (Choct and Annison 1992b). The content of NSP in the diet is inversely related to the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of wheat (Annison 1991) and positively correlated with gut viscosity (Bedford et al. 1991; Bedford and Classen 1992). Gut viscosity is inversely related to nutrient utilization and bird performance ...."
http://www.dsm.com/en_US/html/dnp/anh_enzymes.htm
"...Feed enzymes
Feed enzymes have an important role to play in current farming systems. They can increase the digestibility of nutrients,............ The mode of action of enzymes can be described by the "lock and key" principle. Imagine a substrate(the molecule on which an enzyme acts) as a kind of lock, and an enzyme as the only key which will open it. Put the two together and a rapid reaction takes place which breaks apart the substrate into two or more smaller parts. The enzyme key is then removed intact to play its role in another reaction. Unfortunately, there is not always the right enzyme key for a particular substrate lock. .............Enzymes for breaking down carbohydrates
Cereals such as wheat, rye and barley, for example, contain long, complex carbohydrate molecules known as non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), for which animals such as pigs and poultry do not produce the necessary digestive enzymes. The major NSPs in wheat are called arabinoxylans, and those in barley are beta-glucans. It is now well recognized that these components are anti-nutritional in behaviour. Not only do they increase the viscosity of digesta, which means that the animals own enzymes have a harder time locking onto nutrients and the absorption of these nutrients is reduced, but they also encapsulate nutrients, thus making them unavailable to the animal. The addition of NSP enzymes to animal diets allows the breakdown of these anti-nutritional factors and thus faster and more complete digestion of the feed, leading to improved nutritive value.
Feed enzymes are also able to upgrade sources of vegetable protein (such as soybeans, rapeseed, sunflower seed and legumes) in both pig and poultry diets.
The benefits of NSP enzymes include:
Reduction of feed costs by providing flexibility in feed formulation
Improvement of feed efficiency in pigs and poultry
Improvement of uniformity
Reduction of sticky droppings (lower risk of dirty eggs, hock burns and breast blisters) and improvement of litter quality in poultry
An increase in the dietary content of metabolizable energy ..........
......Most (50-80%) of the phosphorus contained in feedstuffs of plant origin exists as the storage form phytate, or phytic acid, and is indigestible for non-ruminant animals such as poultry and pigs. They cannot digest the phosphorus contained within these complex phytate structures, since they lack the enzyme to break down the phytate and free the phosphorus. The phytase enzyme is essential for the release of phytate-bound phosphorus. Therefore, sufficient phytase needs to be added to the feed.
Phytate also forms complexes with proteins, digestive enzymes and minerals, and as such is considered to be an anti-nutritional factor. Phytase frees the phosphorus contained in cereals and oilseeds, and by breaking down the phytate structure also achieves the release of other minerals such as calcium and magnesium, as well as proteins and amino acids, which have become bound to the phytate. Thus, by releasing bound phosphorus in feed ingredients of vegetable origin, phytase makes more phosphorus available for bone growth, and reduces the amount excreted into the environment. Use of the enzyme also has the added benefit of helping to conserve natural resources by eliminating the need to supplement feeds with sources of digestible inorganic phosphorus. ...."
What are the anti-nutritional factors?
http://www.ublcorp.com/xylanaseenzyme.html
".....Antinutritive Factors in Wheat and Barley
Wheat, barley, triticale, rye, and oats contain relatively high proportions of antinutritive carbohydrates known as nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs). The intestinal viscosity caused by water-soluble NSPs dramatically reduces bird performance (Choct and Annison 1992b). The content of NSP in the diet is inversely related to the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of wheat (Annison 1991) and positively correlated with gut viscosity (Bedford et al. 1991; Bedford and Classen 1992). Gut viscosity is inversely related to nutrient utilization and bird performance ...."
http://www.dsm.com/en_US/html/dnp/anh_enzymes.htm
"...Feed enzymes
Feed enzymes have an important role to play in current farming systems. They can increase the digestibility of nutrients,............ The mode of action of enzymes can be described by the "lock and key" principle. Imagine a substrate(the molecule on which an enzyme acts) as a kind of lock, and an enzyme as the only key which will open it. Put the two together and a rapid reaction takes place which breaks apart the substrate into two or more smaller parts. The enzyme key is then removed intact to play its role in another reaction. Unfortunately, there is not always the right enzyme key for a particular substrate lock. .............Enzymes for breaking down carbohydrates
Cereals such as wheat, rye and barley, for example, contain long, complex carbohydrate molecules known as non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), for which animals such as pigs and poultry do not produce the necessary digestive enzymes. The major NSPs in wheat are called arabinoxylans, and those in barley are beta-glucans. It is now well recognized that these components are anti-nutritional in behaviour. Not only do they increase the viscosity of digesta, which means that the animals own enzymes have a harder time locking onto nutrients and the absorption of these nutrients is reduced, but they also encapsulate nutrients, thus making them unavailable to the animal. The addition of NSP enzymes to animal diets allows the breakdown of these anti-nutritional factors and thus faster and more complete digestion of the feed, leading to improved nutritive value.
Feed enzymes are also able to upgrade sources of vegetable protein (such as soybeans, rapeseed, sunflower seed and legumes) in both pig and poultry diets.
The benefits of NSP enzymes include:
Reduction of feed costs by providing flexibility in feed formulation
Improvement of feed efficiency in pigs and poultry
Improvement of uniformity
Reduction of sticky droppings (lower risk of dirty eggs, hock burns and breast blisters) and improvement of litter quality in poultry
An increase in the dietary content of metabolizable energy ..........
......Most (50-80%) of the phosphorus contained in feedstuffs of plant origin exists as the storage form phytate, or phytic acid, and is indigestible for non-ruminant animals such as poultry and pigs. They cannot digest the phosphorus contained within these complex phytate structures, since they lack the enzyme to break down the phytate and free the phosphorus. The phytase enzyme is essential for the release of phytate-bound phosphorus. Therefore, sufficient phytase needs to be added to the feed.
Phytate also forms complexes with proteins, digestive enzymes and minerals, and as such is considered to be an anti-nutritional factor. Phytase frees the phosphorus contained in cereals and oilseeds, and by breaking down the phytate structure also achieves the release of other minerals such as calcium and magnesium, as well as proteins and amino acids, which have become bound to the phytate. Thus, by releasing bound phosphorus in feed ingredients of vegetable origin, phytase makes more phosphorus available for bone growth, and reduces the amount excreted into the environment. Use of the enzyme also has the added benefit of helping to conserve natural resources by eliminating the need to supplement feeds with sources of digestible inorganic phosphorus. ...."
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