This may not be much different than the link and quotes on the last page. I either absorbed a little more from it being a little less new to me or it has some different info. Either way, I want to study both papers again later.
I did not realize how connected kidneys are to minerals in the body and to bones. CKD-MBD is a helpful term for this. It stands for chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorders.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320522008487
This paper is about cardiovascular effects of CKD by looking at calcification of blood vessels. "...The major event in vascular calcification is the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast and chondrocyte-like cells..."
Osteoblasts are the cells that form bone.
"...Improving skeletal and cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients requires a greater knowledge of the complex connections between the main regulators of the bone-vascular axis. Through parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorous, calcium, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), calcidiol, calcitriol, sclerostin, and klotho, the bone-vascular axis communicates with the RANK/RANKL/OPG system and Wnt/-catenin pathway. The progression of CKD has been associated with downregulation of the Wnt/-catenin pathway, which is mostly mediated by the concurrent rise in sclerostin [20], [21].
Vascular calcification and cardiovascular illnesses are linked to Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). The interconnected processes that control these parameters are dramatically altered as renal function declines. As a consequence, significant alterations in the bone and mineral hormonal axis occur, resulting in changes in bone turnover and clinical outcomes such as decreased bone mass, enhanced bone fragility and fractures, and related vascular and valvular calcification...."