One can keep open water clean by elevating it on something so debris cannot be kicked into it. Last winter I used a two step stool from the kitchen...one step to stand on and the other to hold the water bowl.....kept the water VERY clean. This winter I'll build a flip down platform for the same purpose. Temps here got to -16F (-26.7 C) last winter with the water staying quite warm and clean all the while, with 10-12 in. of deep litter in the coop floor.