I’m not going to get into causes, others have handled that well. If the entire feather is gone, it should grow back reasonably soon. If part of the shaft is still there, they will not grow new feathers until they molt.
If mechanical damage is part of the reason, if your scratch doesn’t have it already I’d include BOSS, Black Oil Sunflower Seed, in their diet. It doesn’t take a lot, just a little. That’s not because of the high protein content of BOSS, but as the name implies, BOSS has a lot of oil. That oil will make the feathers shiny and glossy, but hopefully it will also make them less brittle, maybe stopping them from being so easy to break if it is mechanical damage.