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It depends upon what type of salmonella you are talking about. There are over one thousand types of salmonella, most being species specific. There are several types that are of the largest concern in chickens. Salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum can cause illness and death in chicks and young birds, but generally don't affect people. These two types caused huge losses in the poultry industry before the NPIP program was created to screen for them. Pullorum can be transmitted vertically from hen to egg to chick. I've seen studies that concluded that gallinarum is not easily passed to chicks via the hatching egg.
Salmonella enteritidis is of concern in table eggs. It does not affect the health of the hens, but can be problematic to people. Most cases of contamination in the past were due to horizontal transmission, that is the egg shell having picked up SE from the environment vs the hen. That is why eggs are sanitized at the processing plants to remove any contamination from the shell before it can migrate into the egg. The big salmonella scare that happened last year was due to vertical transmission though. The hens were riddled with SE from having eaten contaminated meat and bone meal and the bacteria found its way into the hens reproductive tracts causing them to lay contaminated eggs. This is not common. In fact, the news report at the time quoted government officials with saying that they had never seen an outbreak like that before where contaminated eggs were being laid vs picking up contamination from the environment.
To answer your question, yes, it can be passed through the egg to the chick. The egg will hatch and the bird may have the bacteria. That bacteria can affect the health of the chick or the health of the people, depending upon the type of salmonella.
What is your concern?
