You don't even have to go back to the 1800's eat what they could find. When I read Happy's post, I started to remember being a small person and going to my Uncles farm in the summer. All of their chickens were free ranged, but they didn't go very far.
They had a lot of time and were not raising chickens and poultry to get them to market weight as quick as they could. When we did chores we would go to the barns the corn room (not one of those big metal bins), and get a bucket of corn for them and spread it out on the ground.
For water there was always that leaky water hydrant in the farm yard with a bucket under it. Yes they had electricity but not that long before I started visiting. They old hand pump hydrant was still there but it had a wind mill hooked to it.
But unfortunately not all people have all the time in the world to get things done, Or have the luxury of doing it the old fashion way. So each person must work to, what works for them, some things won't other things will.
Personally I prefer the old fashion taste in poultry where they are free ranged and less commercial feed. We do use medicated wild game starter for our poults to give them the best start, because they are not cheap when you purchase from a hatchery. Hopefully next year we will have our own poults and not have to go to the hatchery or farm store for poults.
The bottom line is if you need to get to the best weight to feed ratio go with a strict feeding program of commercial feed. Or you have time and resources to slow things down go with a free range feeding program, Usually most people just use something in between, because there is not just one way.
Tom