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I think the vet can tell sooner...maybe I'm wrong...I don't breed dogs, but thought blood tests and physical checks would be sufficient once the dog is grown enough to begin filling out. I thought it was a good bit younger. What about if the animal is from breeding stock and you KNOW their parentage is free of diseases that would affect the offspring?
Some problems (hip dysplasia, elbow issues etc) can take a while to show up. It's usually considered the responsible thing to do to wait until the dog is fully mature. OFA will do a preliminary examination after 4 months, but they will not fully screen and certify a dog until it is at least 2 years old. You can't 'know' a dog is free of genetic problems unless you test it; a bad dog can occur in the best of litters.
Oh, thanks for clarifying. I did go back and see it takes 2 years for some things to be detected...wow I never thought it would be that long.