Your hen had an impacted and infected egg in her reproductive tract. This can be caused by an underlying infection -often salmonella - or, the egg laying "conveyor belt" could have been messed up, which caused the egg to get stuck and then infected (yolks are magnets for infection.) It can take quite awhile for the impaction to cause death. Often the first sign that something is wrong with your hen is when you notice lice. An ill hen can't dust bathe. Often, what people think of as "egg bound" is actually an impacted and diseased reproductive tract. I've seen this on several home necropsies, along with other issues, like tumors and ascites.
-for those thinking about doing home necropsies, search my blog archives. I have several entries about it. http://www.hencam.com/henblog/archives/
-for those thinking about doing home necropsies, search my blog archives. I have several entries about it. http://www.hencam.com/henblog/archives/