A few I've heard often in East & Central KY:
"I'ma" -- I'm going to: "I'ma go fishin."
"Study" -- to think about: "I'ma study on it."
"Tore all to pieces" -- really upset: "He's tore all to pieces since his cat died."
"Knowed" -- knew: "I knowed better than to do that."
"Throwed" or "Tho'd" -- threw: "The milk went bad, so I tho'd it out."
"Gave up" -- went bad, usually mechanical: "My transmission gave up on me yesterday."
"Some ol' boy" -- Someone; a hypothetical person: "Some ol' boy's gonna get killed on that curve one day."
"Orta" -- ought to: "You orta get us some beers."
"A feller" -- thinly veiled reference to YOU as a hypothetical person: "A feller orta get us some beers."
"Liable'ta" -- likely to: "I'm liable'ta call in sick tomorrow."
"Cattycorner" -- diagonally across from: "The drug store is cattycorner from the liquor store."
...and my all-time favorite...
"Whizzerdick" -- aka "doohickey," "thingamajig," etc; the contraption you can't name just at the moment; "Hand me that silver whizzerdick over there."