Alternative water system for people that have a dirt floor in their coop.
1 - Select a water bucket preferably with tapered sides. I normally use a tapered flat back plastic bucket in 3 or 5 gallon size.
2 - Dig a hole that is 6" - 8" deeper and at least 9" wider in diameter than the bucket.
3 - Put enough fresh manure (not composted) in the bottom of the hole so that the top of the bucket will sit 2" to 4" above the ground level.
4 - Set the bucket in the hole and finish filling the hole with fresh manure.
5 - Fill the bucket with water and allow a little to overflow. This will provide the moisture needed to get the manure composting. As the manure composts, it will release heat and keep the water from freezing.
If you live in an area where the temperature does not get below zero degrees F., your water should never freeze. After the manure has composted, it will need to be replaced. I normally replace the manure annually.
I prefer to use horse manure but since I no longer have a horse, I use the chicken droppings that I collect from under their roosts.
At -20°F I usually get a very thin layer of ice that the poultry have no trouble pecking through to get at the water. At -30°F I may have 1/2" to 1" of ice that I remove first thing in the morning and the water in the bucket stays open until it freezes the next morning.
For those that do not have a ground floor, you could build an insulated box around a bucket and fill it with manure.
Good luck.