Thank you. As I sat here typing my question I thought of another way, and I am going to use a 5 gallon bucket and suspend it from the ceiling of my coop. At that point I'll find an aquarium heater small enough for the bucket, and I'll use it for the heater. That will keep it from freezing. It does routinely get below 32 degrees here, however that system will work
I set up my 5 gallon bucket with a couple of nipples on it, and my chickens converted over to it nicely. My goal was to be able to find some sort of heating element that would allow me to keep it in liquid form over the winter. I haven't done too much research, yet, but here is a link to a random device I found on
amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Farm-Innovato...-W-449/dp/B000HHO3Z4/ref=cm_cr_pr_product_top
Something like that, or with some additional research, something better.....should do the trick. Right now, my bucket hangs outside the coop. When it gets really cold, I'll move it inside, and out of the wind and direct cold weather, if the inside of the coop is warm enough, it might just be enough to keep it thawed out.
My only other concern is with the actual nipples. If the water is not frozen, but the nipples are, then it's back to the drawing board!
I know there was a reference to concern with using elements in plastic buckets, but if the element is decent quality, and has some sort of guard and safety measures, it might just be safe enough to use (safety first, safety first, I know).
I have a friend in Duncan, OK, who has not had any problems without a heating element, though. He checks the water every morning, and if it dipped down to get it cold enough to freeze, he dumps the ice and adds fresh water, which stays thawed throughout the day.