A cell phone gets signals from cell various cell towers all around town and the country. In order for the cell towers to properly make hand offs between each other while you're traveling, the phone has to know where it is, and the cell towers have to know where the phone is. So while you are able to turn off that feature from integrating into apps, it is still hardwired by design into the way a cell phone works. For most people, this is not an issue because they aren't running around trying to stay off the grid or something. Just know that if you have a cell phone, someone, some where can track where you've been.
There is a way that you can log into Google and see a map of every where you've been over the last 30 days or so, but I can't remember how to access that off the top of my head.