We used paper, paper towels and pine shavings. The shavings by far in using the deep litter method are the greatest! They smell good and you can stir them up every other day and add a little more . The brooder house with the shavings was easier to clean also instead of the hay and paper. A large bag here in Arkansas is about $5 and it will last me a good week easily. It makes a cleaner hen house overall, plus they can dust in it too! We even used them for the Jumbo Cornish broilers, that is the way to go!!