While it definitely boils down to the individual hen, the breeds that are noted for having very common and even annoyingly frequent broodies are Silkie, Cochin and Game Bird.
Another breed noted for being good for broodiness is Orpington, although none of mine ever went broody in earnest.
I have had other birds become broody...I've had several Black Stars and Welsummer/Welsummer mixes....although Welsummer is not generally noted for commonly being broody.
A few on this thread have had commercial layers go broody (one in particular a White Leghorn..practically unheard of!).
I really wanted to brood with hens, so I purchased a known faithful broody Silkie at a chicken swap...she is the backbone of my brooding program as she faithfully goes broody every 3 to 4 months such that I can plan my hatching program with her in mind. I then use any additional bird who is willing and able.
Right now I have my Silkie and Wyandotte/EE mix (my best guess as her parentage is unknown) that are sitting on clutches.
Henderson's breed chart notes broodiness so you can check it to see which breeds are noted for that:
http://www.sagehenfarmlodi.com/chooks/chooks.html
Good luck in finding a broody hen.
Lady of McCamley