- Thread starter
- #161
https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/69/2/309/714114
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines are not as widely used for treating staphylococcal infections as they once were. Long-acting tetracyclines such as doxycycline and minocycline have good oral bioavailability and tissue penetration, and better antistaphylococcal activity than tetracycline.97 The antistaphylococcal activity of minocycline is better than that of doxycycline in vitro, but clinical superiority has not been demonstrated.98 Clinical data on the use of tetracyclines, singly or in combination, against staphylococcal bone and joint infections are very sparse.97 A recent review does not support their use as monotherapy in cases of osteomyelitis because of the present insufficiency of clinical data.97 Given the pharmacokinetic advantages of long-acting tetracyclines, we think that their efficacy as monotherapy for staphylococcal bone and joint infections needs to be determined.
β-Lactam antibiotics
β-Lactams, which inhibit cell wall synthesis, are inactive against biofilm-associated staphylococci, but are active when combined with rifampicin.45 Cefalotin combined with rifampicin was more effective than a rifampicin/tetracycline combination in young biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and at high concentrations, whereas the opposite was the case at lower concentrations in aged biofilms.105 Because of their limited bioavailability, oral dosing with β-lactams is unlikely to achieve adequate bone levels.106 In one study, however, oral cefadroxil achieved adequate antibiotic concentrations in uninfected bone.107 Oral amoxicillin/clavulanate and some first-generation cephalosporins fulfilled the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic requirements for clinical efficacy, especially in children.108 Amoxicillin/clavulanate was as effective as flucloxacillin and clindamycin by subcutaneous injection in an experimental rat model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis.109
https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003088-200948020-00002
Study on penetration of various antibiotics into bone
"The available data show a larger extent of bone penetration for quinolones, macrolides and linezolid than for β-lactams. The bone penetration of penicillins and cephalosporins was significantly lower than that of linezolid."
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines are not as widely used for treating staphylococcal infections as they once were. Long-acting tetracyclines such as doxycycline and minocycline have good oral bioavailability and tissue penetration, and better antistaphylococcal activity than tetracycline.97 The antistaphylococcal activity of minocycline is better than that of doxycycline in vitro, but clinical superiority has not been demonstrated.98 Clinical data on the use of tetracyclines, singly or in combination, against staphylococcal bone and joint infections are very sparse.97 A recent review does not support their use as monotherapy in cases of osteomyelitis because of the present insufficiency of clinical data.97 Given the pharmacokinetic advantages of long-acting tetracyclines, we think that their efficacy as monotherapy for staphylococcal bone and joint infections needs to be determined.
β-Lactam antibiotics
β-Lactams, which inhibit cell wall synthesis, are inactive against biofilm-associated staphylococci, but are active when combined with rifampicin.45 Cefalotin combined with rifampicin was more effective than a rifampicin/tetracycline combination in young biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and at high concentrations, whereas the opposite was the case at lower concentrations in aged biofilms.105 Because of their limited bioavailability, oral dosing with β-lactams is unlikely to achieve adequate bone levels.106 In one study, however, oral cefadroxil achieved adequate antibiotic concentrations in uninfected bone.107 Oral amoxicillin/clavulanate and some first-generation cephalosporins fulfilled the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic requirements for clinical efficacy, especially in children.108 Amoxicillin/clavulanate was as effective as flucloxacillin and clindamycin by subcutaneous injection in an experimental rat model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis.109
https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003088-200948020-00002
Study on penetration of various antibiotics into bone
"The available data show a larger extent of bone penetration for quinolones, macrolides and linezolid than for β-lactams. The bone penetration of penicillins and cephalosporins was significantly lower than that of linezolid."
I might try and see if I can get the first dose down her tonight. Once I start I have to keep going for 14 days. Gulp... someone hand me my man pants because I don't want to do this.
*symbolic handing over of the man-pants* You can do this. 
We believe in you!
Thanks. I can do this 
...A Vet would culture a test and draw blood to see what actually is going on?..Your trusting Backyard owners with the health of your Bird..
...I can't help you anymore than any of these people..
...take it to a vet or wait it out and Cull if needed?...My honest true answer and I will never judge your decision..
