Well, you can read up on genetics, but I often use it like a little min-game: "if I change this gene, what will the chicken look like?" It usually updates the picture at the top of the page, and it definitely updates the description.
Some genes only show effects in the presence of certain other genes, but there are quite a few that have simple effects that are easy to see.
For example:
Di or Ig make the red parts turn pale yellow
S makes the red parts turn white
B makes white bars across the feathers
Bl makes the black parts turn blue
lav/lav makes the black turn lavender and the red turn pale yellow
choc/choc makes the black parts turn chocolate
I makes the black parts turn white
c/c make the whole bird turn white
There are even some things that I learned by playing with it, that hadn't made sense when I read about them