The neighborhood I grew up in was pretty rough at the time, now it is one of the safest anywhere. I walked 3/4 mile to kindergarten alone, although often I'd meet up with a classmate and walk with him. That was normal. If anyone let there kid walk that same route now, the parents would get hauled in for child neglect and it would be all over the newspapers, the child would probably be taken away and put in a foster home.
Back then it was a middle class area bordering on very rough ghetto, definitely not safe. The route I took is now patrolled not only by Chicago police and the University of Chicago Police (100 state-certified police officers with full police powers)... but the route passes Wallace Muhammad's home (head of the Nation of Islam, the Black Muslims). His private guard, the Fruit of Islam, stands out front 24/7 and they guarantee that nothing bad or even suspicious happens anywhere near there. The school I went to is directly across the street from Obama's home, so the Secret Service ensures that block is totally safe. I suspect the FBI and others also cruise around.
Parents back then didn't worry, but there were real threats. Now, in that neighborhood at least, there really isn't anything to worry about, yet parents probably keep their kids inside playing video games instead of letting them play outside unsupervised.