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Your dad is correct if your coop doesn't have windows or if you know you won't be using any heating devices. But if you do have windows, then passive heat does build up - as I mentioned earlier, my windows do allow heat to build up inside my coop - as high as around 40 degrees, and it does last well into the evening.
As long as your coop is draft free w/well placed ventilation, your birds will do okay through the winter - lots of fluffy bedding, windbreaks, etc. can help a lot
Your biggest challenge will be keep your birds in liquid water all winter...
@ragerkid2... Your dad is incorrect on the "no heat" aspect. The chickens themselves are a great source of heat. Now this of course depends on how many chickens you have... the cubic feet of the coop... sun exposure... wind breaking from local trees and vegetation.... paint color of the coop... etc... But as a general, all things being equal kind of thing, most creatures emit heat as a normal function of body heat regulation. This expelled heat goes into their atmosphere and if in a weather-tight coop should be, at least partially, retained. That being said, the addition or lack of insulation will play a huge role in how well it is retained. If the wall are freezing cold it will exchange out that heat and the coop will get cold. Insulation's main job in to protect from heat/cold transfer through those exterior surfaces. This is why right now it is 90 degrees outside and in my barn it is 68 degrees. Obviously my barn is insulated, not even that well yet, but man it makes a huge difference. Last year my barn would match the outside temps with an hour lag between. Now if kept shut it will stay cool all day long.
Most of my reference on this subject comes from experience, but I was also a builder for a time and worked in insulation as well and learned the theory of heat/cold transfer in that.
Now all of that being said... Depending on the breed of bird and its cold and heat hardiness, this can all be an exercise in futility. For those saying it doesn't matter, they are right and wrong. Does insulation work? Yes. Is it necessary? In most cases, No. Is it necessary where I live, with my breed of birds? No. Did I still do it anyway? Yes. I want to give my bird the absolute best living conditions possible. They provide me and my family with the best quality food and I feel I owe it to them to give them the best quality life I can. Does this make me a little crazy? Probably. Do I care? H@#L NO!
I apologize for the incredibly long-winded response, but I felt it important to give you all the facts as well as my thoughts on the matter. Hope this helps.