My reference to the routine use of Antibiotics came from the book written by Harvey Ussery: "The small-scale poultry flock." I quote him in his end notes related to chapter 1. "The poultry industry feeds it's growing broilers a steady dose of antibiotics in order to make them grow faster... In 1998, the Institute of Medicine estimated that the resulting antibiotic resistance probably cost the nation as much as 5 billion dollars annually"... He also references "Getting Real About the High Price of Cheap Food" by Brian Walsh, written Aug 21, 2009. To further quote,"Roxarsone is the trade name for the organic arsenic compounds added to broiler feeds. The Industry emphasizes "organic" (it is inorganic forms of arsenic that are toxic) and argues that Roxarsone is biologically inert if present as residues in chickens on consumer's plate. 2 million pounds are used per year in the U.S., most of which is excreted, and broiler house litter is spread far and wide as fertilizer on croplands. Roxarsone is soluble, highly mobile in the environment, leaching to surface and groundwater systems. Many environmental factors degrade Roxarsone to inorganic forms of arsenic."
Now, I realize that one of the references is dated 1998. but I would ask you to honestly answer the question: has the poultry industry changed that much since then? Does it make sense that chickens are now being raised in a cleaner environment than they were in 1998? Broilers are being mass produced in crowded broiler houses, with each bird having space = to the size of a sheet of paper. Quoting Ussery: "The hapless broilers stand in the deepening accretion of their own manure, which accumulates at the rate of several tons per week in a typical broiler house." How can anyone imagine that these birds can survive to slaughter without being given antibiotics?
Cassie, I stand corrected re: the use of hormones. I can't verify that they are or are not used in the poultry industry. However, I can tell you that when they started using growth hormones in the dairy industry to boost milk production, there was a public outcry, and several of the dairies started advertising that their milk was hormone free. Other studies quoted at the same time stated that there were no tests to tell if the hormone had been used, so it was a matter of trusting the farmers and the dairy industry.