I thought I would update. We now buy wheat and barley by the ton as this is the best for ducks and also for turkeys and chickens as well. The grain can store airtight for up to 8 years if you do not grind it. Once you grind it, you need to use it within a month.
We provide the wheat and barley free choice 24 hours a day for our turkeys and chickens. We ration it for the ducks since we have about 150 right now. We add ground tumeric, cayenne, garlic granules and probiotic/electrolyte powder. During the summer this is all we give them as they free-range on 8 acres. We do also bring in fresh produce for our pigs that the birds also enjoy. Almost 3000 pounds a week. So they get a lot of food!
During the winter, we do the same. However, we buy bags of the following at Winco or the feed store: Lentils, split peas, groats, oats, camelina meal, BOSS, and wheat bran and sometimes kelp or alfalfa powder. We make a mix of the above in a smaller feeder and let them have it on days when it very cold or the weather is too harsh for free-ranging. They still prefer the wheat and barley over all the rest. But they do nibble at the higher protein items and we feel they are eating what they need and we've observed that they eat that mostly in the evening before frost sets in and they have to roost for the night.
On VERY cold days (talking 2 feet snow on the ground), we make a mash with wheat, barley, oats, fresh minced garlic and add olive oil to it along with hard-boiled eggs. It is also great to add alfalfa tea to as well. This gives them extra fat to stay warm through the evenings and boosts their immune system.
We also add raw apple cider vinegar to their waterers. And we have another waterer with a powdered vitamin/electrolyte mix so they can choose which one they want to drink.
If birds are sick as happens in wintertime, add fresh minced garlic to all the waterers along with the raw apple cider vinegar. We cull sick birds and find that the others stay healthy if we give them the mash.
I found overall that if we don't grind anything that the birds naturally pick out what they want. At 8 weeks old, the gizzards are developed enough to grind food on their own. This also means less waste and the when we have ground it for the younger birds, we struggle with waste and mold on the ground. If you want to kill your birds, expose them to mold spores! We found this out the hard way a few times.
Hope this helps!