Curious how many genes for color and pattern a chicken can hold recessively? I was under the impression that it was only one, meaning it has two copies but one shows and one is recessive. But if a recessive white has to have two copies of re white but can still pass other colors recessively then maybe my thinking was flawed on how the recessive genes are carried? Because what you're describing means that that bird would carry at least three genes and two would be recessive. One being white and at least one other being another color.
Yes, I think you have a flaw in how you think of recessive genes.
The genes are located (in a physical sense) on the chicken's chromosomes.
The chromosomes come in pairs.
Each gene has a particular spot on the chromosome. Since chickens have pairs of chromosomes, that means their genes are in pairs too.
A chicken has many different pairs of genes.
For example, a chicken can have the gene for rose comb or the gene for not-rose comb. It can have two rose comb genes, or two not-rose comb genes, or one of each. (Chickens with a single comb have the not-rose version of this gene.)
A chicken can have the gene for blue feathers. It can have two copies of the blue gene (splash) or one blue gene and one not-blue gene (blue) or a matched pair of not-blue genes (black.)
But the rose comb gene and the blue feather gene are located in different places on the chromosomes. Knowing that a chicken has two genes for rose comb does not tell you anything about whether it has the blue gene.
Recessive white is another gene. If the chicken has two genes for recessive white, those genes are sitting at a particular spot on one pair of chromosomes. They make the chicken's feathers all be white. But having two recessive white genes will have no effect on whether the chicken has rose comb genes or blue genes, because each of those is located in a different place on the chromosomes. The chicken still has genes for blue or not-blue, it just cannot show the effect because recessive white is blocking all colors in the feathers. The chicken still has the genes for rose comb or not-rose comb, and because those are not feather colors they are not getting blocked.
There is a gene called Mahogany that turns gold into a darker red shade. Every chicken has either two Mahogany genes, or two not-Mahogany genes, or one of each. But you can only see the effect of those genes if a chicken has some gold in its coloring. You can't see it on a black chicken, or on a white chicken, or on a blue chicken. Those colors of chickens do still have genes for Mahogany or not-Mahogany, but you just can't tell because there is no visible gold to be affected.
Dominant or Recessive is about how a gene behaves with other genes at the same spot in the chromosome (the other half of the pair.) So blue is dominant over not-blue, and rose comb is dominant over not-rose, and Mahogany is not dominant over not-Mahogany, and recessive white is recessive to not-recessive white.
Being dominant or recessive does not tell how a gene interacts with genes located in other places on the chromosomes (genes in other pairs). The feather color genes and the rose comb gene have no effect on each other. Among the feather color genes, Mahogany affects gold, and Blue affects black, and neither has any effect on the other. But recessive white affects all other feather color genes, by blocking all color.
Recessive white is recessive to a gene that allows the chicken to show colors in the feathers. That gene doesn't seem to have a common name, but it is present in every chicken that shows colored feathers. Then we can see the effects of other genes that determine what colors the chicken will actually show.