Since our teacher is mean and wants us all to read on our own.
I will share the cliff notes here:

em dash

The em dash’s use is not dissimilar to that of parentheses or the comma. It is often found in pairs—setting off a parenthetical statement, such as this—or on its own, indicating a sudden break in a sentence.


en dash

In between these two powerhouses of punctuation, longer than the hyphen but shorter than the em, is the en dash, also with two main functions. First and foremost, the en dash is used to express a range, usually a numerical one (such as “pages 4–10” or “January 12–22,”), the idea being that, where a hyphen is used to separate numbers, an en dash is used to join them. But it is the en dash’s second use that is truly fascinating. The en dash may also be used in place of a hyphen to connect a prefix or suffix to an open compound (“post–Second World War” or “New York–based”), to connect two open compounds (“the Bloor Street–Danforth Avenue subway line”), or to connect two hyphenated compounds (“a quasi-good–quasi-evil plan”).
 

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