I've shot several diamond back rattlesnake on our property in the desert. Some were on the front porch where the kids were playing, some under the barbecue when the family was over, etc. Of course, everybody has to go in the house when anyone shoots a snake, for safety sake.
Just a few days ago I shot the biggest rattlesnake I've every seen, about 4.5' long and big around as my bicep, with 13 rattles. He was in a hedge the chickens forage under, and very near the water faucet I use every day. I disposed of the head, and even slit it lengthwise, but my chickens wouldn't eat it. Some hardy folks on BYC were encouraging me to cook and eat it, but I just can't keep my gag reflex down enough.
I don't harm rattlesnakes if I chance upon them in the desert or mountains, and I always feel apologetic when I shoot one in our yard. They never chase, and they only attack when threatened. They actually try to hide and always seem like, "please don't see me, please don't see me." But if I didn't, the next encounter with it (or its offspring) could be my grandchildren or dog or me simply walking past a shrub or picking a rose. I can't chance it.
The pistol load I use is like a birdshot (410L), so exact aim isn't as necessary and the multiple pellets kill them instantly. It's possible to kill a snake by spraying him in the face with fly spray, but that's a long, drawn-out death. I would only try to kill one with a hoe if my grandkids or dog's life depended on it. You have to get too close. I have run over them in our driveway.
Rattlesnakes, which aren't protected in Arizona, never travel more than about 3/4 mile in their whole lives. Experts say that relocating them usually doesn't work well--they suffer "higher rates of overwintering mortality." It does, however, give them more of a chance than the shotgun.
My neighbors tried to co-exist with the more dangerous Mojaves until they multiplied and finally made their yard a death trap. They reluctantly had to start shooting them.
I don't enjoy shooting a snake, but that's one less who will harm my family or hatch out dozens more under my porch. The good thing is that if you prevent them from breeding near your property, soon you see them less and less. In the 8 years we've been here, we shot 4 or 5 the first year, then maybe 1 or 2 a year in the following years. The one i just shot was the first rattlesnake I've seen on our property in two years.