@duluthralphie
The vertical nipples are very easy to learn, chickens have no problem. They are good in summer, However, they will freeze in the winter, I haven't found anyone who can keep them thawed. The horizontal ones have a better chance of not freezing. I have a 2 gallon bucket with an aquarium heater and a circulating pump so far so good with three nipples on it. I will tell you even though the heater is on the bottom of the pail, the water gets warmer as you go up the pail. I have a point and shoot thermometer and that is what I discovered. basically it was approx 25 degrees near the bottom of the bucket and 50-60 at the top. I have my nipples staggered, the bottom one may freeze, we'll see. Better to be up higher on the bucket, maybe half way.