They aren't effective. There may be some measurable deterrence against some small numnber of critters, but its not certainly not broad spectrum.
That is, without the alliums, 100% of some critters might pass, with the alliums perhaps 95% of them do. Measurable, a 5% reduction, but not effective. Plenty of other critters (mostly "bugs" and grazers from rodents to deer and goats) are attracted to, and consume, the allium vegitation. So, most likely, do your chickens. Mine love scallion tops and garlic scapes - but won't touch the onion bulb itself.
/edit its possible my chickens instead love the bugs they find eating the scallion tops and garlic scapes...
What is it you think garlic and onions are effective in repelling? (I had to net mine to protect them)