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Introduction
[/COLOR] [COLOR=333333]A relatively slow-spreading viral disease characterised by skin lesions and/or plaques in the pharynx and affecting chickens, turkeys, pigeons and canaries worldwide. Morbidity is 10-95% and mortality usually low to moderate, 0-50%. Infection occurs through skin abrasions and bites, or by the respiratory route. It is transmitted by birds, fomites, and mosquitoes (infected for 6 weeks). The virus persists in the environment for months. It is more common in males because of their tendency to fight and cause skin damage, and where there are biting insects. The duration of the disease is about 14 days on an individual bird basis.[/COLOR] [COLOR=404041]
Signs
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- Warty, spreading eruptions and scabs on comb and wattles.
- Caseous deposits in mouth, throat and sometimes trachea.
- Depression.
- Inappetance.
- Poor growth.
- Poor egg production.
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Diagnosis
[/COLOR] [COLOR=333333]A presumptive diagnosis may be made on history, signs and symptoms Differentiate from Trichomoniasis or physical damage to skin.[/COLOR] [COLOR=404041]
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Treatment
[/COLOR] [COLOR=333333]None. [COLOR=0000CD]
Flocks and individuals still unaffected may be vaccinated, usually with chicken strain by wing web puncture.[/COLOR] If there is evidence of secondary bacterial infection broad-spectrum antibiotics may be of some benefit.[/COLOR] [COLOR=404041]
Prevention
[/COLOR] [COLOR=333333]By vaccination (except canary). Chickens well before production. Turkeys by thigh-stick at 2-3 months, check take (a scab) at 7-10 days post vaccination. There is good cross-immunity among the different viral strains. [/COLOR]