It’s too early to tell what the effects are because there aren’t any researches published yet about plastic micro particles and damage to human health.
This is a part of an article in a quality (NRC) newspaper in the Netherlands. Translated with Google:
“The toxicology of particles works differently than we are used to, says Halden, because it is not so much about the substance from which the particle is made, but about its size and shape. He refers to asbestos: microscopic asbestos needles can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause asbestosis and lung cancer years later. “It doesn't matter whether a fiber is made of asbestos,” says Halden, “what matters is that it is a certain size and has sharp points. As a result, it ends up in the lung membrane and can cause chronic inflammation that eventually leads to cancer. Translated to plastic, we are really concerned about that. Again, it doesn't really matter what kind of plastic it is, if the particles have sharp edges and build up somewhere in the body, it will also cause inflammation that can eventually lead to cancer."
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Tax for spoiling this thread (pic from 2020 with a bantam RIR chick).