Myself--and of course I don't claim to have all the answers-- But per gallon of water I haul out to the waterer...I put in a capful of the ACV... I just pour it into the little cap that comes with the jar of vinegar itself. It looks to be about a tsp. Sometimes if I've run out of ACV they go without it a week or two...but every day they get it. I do it in the winter too. I guess I see them having no regard for where they are stepping -- in poo or their food or both and I just keep it up. A jar lasts quite a while around here.