Here they are called stress or fault bars. In the UK they call them fret bars.
Victoria Roberts BVSc MRCVS; Diseases Of Free Range Poultry.
“Stress bars or fret marks will appear on growing feathers following a nutritional crisis (lack of food, bad weather, bullying) but at next moult will disappear if no further insult.”
Here in Catalonia where free ranging can often mean no supplementary feed such bars are quite common. The bad weather part of the above quote does of course determine the chickens ability to forage successfully. Given the situation the OP describes for this fowl, bullying seems unlikely. However, the OP indicates the chicken is ‘spoiled’ with treats and I have assumed generally bad diet.
Feather mite is rare in chickens and normally effects wild birds. Feather mite is of the red mite species and if present will be found where blood is flowing through the feather. It doesn’t live on the fowl.
I can’t find any pictures of feather mite damage atm but it doesn’t look like the pic in the OP.