The bacteria builds up on its own. Just like when you have an aquarium.
"The first species of bacteria to appear on the scene in a new aquarium are Nitrosomonas species of bacteria that "feed" on ammonia, and convert it into nitrites. Nitrites are a little less-harmful than ammonia, but are still rather poisonous. Eventually, usually within two to three weeks, Nitrobacter species begin to cultivate. As the Nitrosomonas populations came first, it usually takes the Nitrobacter species a longer time to cultivate into a full population. Nitrobacters "feed" on nitrites and convert them into far less harmful nitrates. Many fish can tolerate relatively high levels of nitrates, but if nitrate levels get too high, fish will begin to suffer.
In nature, all of the nitrates produced by bacterial nitrification are consumed by plants, algae, other species of bacteria, and other organisms. In an aquarium as in nature, nitrates are used by plants and algae as food, and in some cases, are also converted by anaerobic bacteria into nitrogen gases. A so-called "balanced" aquarium, is one where the ratio of plants or algae to fish is balanced, so that all of the nitrates produced are converted or consumed, so no nitrates exist in the water. This is very difficult to achieve in practice, as such an aquarium will have very few fish, and that is not satisfying to most aquarium hobbyists. To control the nitrate levels in an aquarium, we do water changes. That is why water changes are so important. They lower nitrate levels before they get too high and become a hazard to fish."
http://www.aquariumpros.com/articles/biofiltration.shtml
As for what kind of fish....
Well, anything fast enough to get away from a hungry duck!
I guess if you put in hiding spots, you will improve the chances on whatever you do add to the pond. Just don't stock it with anything expensive. It very well may become a snack at some point.