Human activity driven climate change is not really a political matter or a subject for opinion any longer.
[Except to the extent that flat earth and the like are, and not much can be done about that.]
While it is useful to simply sum up conclusions, it is also important to cite to the sources of the information so that people who are sufficiently interested can look over the material for themselves. Peer review publications are important. It is fun to gossip and speculate. But it is also important to consider facts and evidence. Running around shouting that “the sky is falling” will not help anyone. But neither will bare assertions that contradict established fact.
Where are the reliable sources? Let us consider NASA, National Geographic, and the National Weather Service with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
In sum, then,
“Scientific evidence for warming of the climate system is unequivocal.”
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
See generally:
teaching about climate change ---
https://www.climate.gov/climate-and-energy-topics/causes-climate-change
More specifically:
“The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia.
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Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate.”
NASA “Climate Change: How Do We Know?”
Global Climate Change, vital signs of the planet
https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
This material introduces the reader to information that is from recognized scientists on the subjects of Carbon Dioxide Levels; Global Temperature Rise; Warming Oceans; Shrinking Ice Sheets; Glacial Retreat; Decreased Snow Cover; Sea Level Rise; Declining Arctic Sea Ice; Extreme Events; Ocean Acidification.
The citations below are from NASA and National Geographic, and include further reading.
https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/climate-change/
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-effects/
References
- IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Summary for Policymakers
B.D. Santer et.al., “A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere,” Nature vol 382, 4 July 1996, 39-46
Gabriele C. Hegerl, “Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method,” Journal of Climate, v. 9, October 1996, 2281-2306
V. Ramaswamy et.al., “Anthropogenic and Natural Influences in the Evolution of Lower Stratospheric Cooling,” Science 311 (24 February 2006), 1138-1141
B.D. Santer et.al., “Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Height Changes,” Science vol. 301 (25 July 2003), 479-483.
- In the 1860s, physicist John Tyndall recognized the Earth's natural greenhouse effect and suggested that slight changes in the atmospheric composition could bring about climatic variations. In 1896, a seminal paper by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius first predicted that changes in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could substantially alter the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.
- National Research Council (NRC), 2006. Surface Temperature Reconstructions For the Last 2,000 Years. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/GlobalWarming/page3.php
- https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/indicators.php
http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature
http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp
- https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20170118/
- Levitus, S.; Antonov, J.; Boyer, T.; Baranova, O.; Garcia, H.; Locarnini, R.; Mishonov, A.; Reagan, J.; Seidov, D.; Yarosh, E.; Zweng, M. (2017). NCEI ocean heat content, temperature anomalies, salinity anomalies, thermosteric sea level anomalies, halosteric sea level anomalies, and total steric sea level anomalies from 1955 to present calculated from in situ oceanographic subsurface profile data (NCEI Accession 0164586). Version 4.4. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi:10.7289/V53F4MVP
- https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7159
- National Snow and Ice Data Center
World Glacier Monitoring Service
- National Snow and Ice Data Center
Robinson, D. A., D. K. Hall, and T. L. Mote. 2014. MEaSUREs Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Snow Cover Extent Daily 25km EASE-Grid 2.0, Version 1. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/MEASURES/CRYOSPHERE/nsidc-0530.001. [Accessed 9/21/18].
http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/snow_extent.html
Rutgers University Global Snow Lab, Data History Accessed September 21, 2018.
- R. S. Nerem, B. D. Beckley, J. T. Fasullo, B. D. Hamlington, D. Masters and G. T. Mitchum. Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era. PNAS, 2018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717312115
- https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/sea_ice.html
- USGCRP, 2017: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 470 pp, doi: 10.7930/J0J964J6
- http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification?
- http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification
- C. L. Sabine et.al., “The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2,” Science vol. 305 (16 July 2004), 367-371
- Copenhagen Diagnosis, p. 36.
References
- Jones, P.D., New, M., Parker, D.E., Martin, S. and Rigor, I.G., 1999: Surface air temperature and its variations over the last 150 years. Reviews of Geophysics 37, 173-199, doi:10.1029/1999RG900002
- Jones, P.D., Osborn, T.J., Briffa, K.R., Folland, C.K., Horton, B., Alexander, L.V., Parker, D.E. and Rayner, N.A., 2001: Adjusting for sampling density in grid-box land and ocean surface temperature time series. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 3371-3380, doi:10.1029/2000JD900564
- Jones, P.D., Lister, D.H., Osborn, T.J., Harpham, C., Salmon, M. and Morice, C.P., 2012: Hemispheric and large-scale land surface air temperature variations: an extensive revision and an update to 2010. Journal of Geophysical Research 117, D05127, doi:10.1029/2011JD017139.
- Kennedy J.J., Rayner, N.A., Smith, R.O., Saunby, M. and Parker, D.E., 2011: Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface temperature observations measured in situ since 1850 part 2: biases and homogenisation. Journal of Geophysical Research 116, D14104, doi:10.1029/2010JD015220
- Osborn, T.J. and Jones, P.D., 2014: The CRUTEM4 land-surface air temperature data set: construction, previous versions and dissemination via Google Earth. Earth System Science Data 6, 61-68, doi:10.5194/essd-6-61-2014
- Morice, C.P., Kennedy, J.J., Rayner, N.A. and Jones, P.D., 2012: Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: the HadCRUT4 dataset. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D08101, doi:10.1029/2011JD017187