Gah, lots to answer. If I forget anything let me know
And Conny, there is a big emphasis on training the geese from a young age. The good news is that geese live to be 20-30+ years of age. Once you go through the initial training, even if it takes all spring and summer, you will have a reliable weeder for the next couple of decades. That's more than enough incentive for me to keep a trained flock around. The average backyard gardener wouldn't need more than 2-5 geese to weed the garden. It's more than worthwhile.
Ducks and geese are totally different. Geese graze, ducks munch. Geese are usually used to weed an orchard - they will happily eat the weeds and leave the trees alone. You can use them to weed a field and, with the right training, get them to weed a garden.
Weeder geese used to be extremely common and it's a shame they aren't used as often these days. Cotton Geese were used down south to weed cotton fields. Today there are virtually none left, it's almost impossible to find any.
Chinese geese are perfectly fine for the garden but aren't the best eating goose out there. There is very little meat on them - especially breast meat which is the best part. I highly recommend going with a small to medium sized goose that still has some meat on them. Here are my recommendations in no particular order (and totally biased
1. Tufted Romans. These are small, chatty geese with nice round bodies. They are much less aggressive than your Chinese but don't have the long neck. Still, they are friendly and tolerant of others while still having enough meat to be worth butchering. If you want to harvest down they have the added benefit of pure white feathers.
2. American Buffs. These are a medium-sized goose that grows rapidly. It's larger than the Tufted Roman but much, much quieter. You won't hear an American Buff blasting the alarm for every little thing. You also won't have to worry about them hissing at company. They have light pin feathers so they dress out clean. When you harvest the down it is a soft, faint buff color.
3. Pilgrims. My absolute favorites, and what I raise. Pilgrims were developed by the same breeder who perfected the American Buffs. They are an extremely docile, medium-sized breed that doubles as a fantastic meat goose. The best part? They're an autosexing breed. The males are born yellow and grow up to be white, the females are born grey and grow up to be grey. They will put on ten pounds in as many weeks and won't hiss.
All three of these breeds are listed as critically rare by the ALBC. Chinese aren't. Romans also make decent watch dogs, but your American Buffs and Pilgrims are usually too laid back to be too terribly effective at protecting a homestead. And Romans, for all their guff, are still going to be a little too small to fend off whatever it is they're being huffy toward.
Any of the breeds, Chinese included, can be taught to accept anything in a yard, especially if they are raised around the animal. They will still be wary of anything new, which I like. Just because one dog in the yard is fine doesn't mean the neighbor's dog is, too.
I'm in the middle of writing up an article about weeder geese. I'll try to rush through it and get at least something posted. There's a bunch of information I've collected and jotted down over the past year and rather than write it all down twice I may as well just post a link
As for live harvesting, I'm beginning to think that it's best to just collect the down under the wings. From what I found out, it grows back every 6-8 weeks. The down under the wings is _pure_ down without a single pin feather. Once the weather warms up I'm going to try to live harvest throughout the summer months and see how easy it is when the goose isn't going through a molt.
Each goose provides 0.5-1oz of down per harvest, which is enough to fill a single patch on a quilt. I've decided to make a goose down quilt with pictures of our geese on it throughout the year. In theory, when winter rolls around again we'll be snuggling under a new quilt
. When the weather turns cold again we won't bother harvesting. That means each goose should be able to make three patches on the quilt.