I don't think anyone can answer that question, sadly. If it were typical behavior, then there might be a typical answer. But this is unusual. It sounds like everything else in her environment and handling is normal, the other birds are normal; the only clue I see is that her mother was aggressive so it's likely genetic.
When hens reach laying age, different hormones kick in. I'll bet one of these has triggered her behavior in an extreme way. I've seen changes in behavior many times when a pullet becomes a full-fledged hen and moves up a few ranks in the pecking order. Not aggression, mind you, but just... different. More confident. Less easily spooked. Melts into the flock dynamics instead of hovering around the edges. Then changes again when broody hormones flood her bloodstream; but again, this level of aggression is not normal even for a broody.
I understand the desire to know WHY this change in her behavior. You'd want to know how to correct it or prevent it from happening again. You worry it was something you've done to trigger it. But I don't think there's a clear explanation. She had no motive, she doesn't "hate" you, she's just a chicken. Don't worry about correcting it; you can't. She is what she is. Don't worry about preventing it in other chickens, because you can't predict what causes it. All other things are normal in your flock.... so there's no way you should blame yourself or worry about something you did wrong. You did NOTHING wrong.
Sadly, she cannot stay. As hard as it may be, you just need to come to grips with that reality. She's a danger to you and anyone else who might cross her path. Next time she might miss your eyelid and blind you in that eye instead. Do you really want your experience of raising chickens to be shadowed by fear of one bird? Would you let her destroy the peace of the whole flock, and put your own health and that of other people you love in danger? How enjoyable is it to collect eggs and mingle with your chickens, now? This isn't what you signed up for. And you do NOT have to tolerate it. Don't.
If you cannot bear the thought of putting her down yourself, or can't find someone else to handle it, then take her to a vet. I'll bet it doesn't have to be an avian vet - just explain that you need her euthanized, that's all. Just put her down in the most humane way possible so she doesn't suffer. You'll cry, allow yourself that time to grieve. {{{hugs}}}
Sorry, wish I had better advice.
