Biology Extra Credit Question... **ANSWER POSTED**

It has been known for some time that sexual orientation / gender is determined during the development of an organism, in higher animals [and humans] this occurs during embryonic development but in other, such as rats, this occurs shortly after birth. Researchers can change the sexual orientation of rats by injecting female hormones into male rats resulting in the rats behaving as if they were female and vice versa. In the 1950's researchers at Syracuse University [New York] shower that genetically male chickens exposed to DDT grew up and acted like hens.

There has been little research on the effects of chemicals on humans and extrapolating field studies on wildlife and laboratory experiments to humans is controversial. Given that the hormones controlling development have stayed constant throughout vertebrate evolution, the hormones controlling development of tadpoles into frogs are the same as which control human sexual development. Theo Colborn, a researcher at University of Wisconsin, has raised the question that if these chemicals are causing a worldwide decline in frog populations what effects are they having on humans? There has apparently been an increase in human diseases and congenital abnormalities that could be linked to hormonal disruption.

What does this mean for the transgender community? The jury is still out as far as a direct cause and effect, but there is some anecdotal evidence.

It has been known for some time that sexual orientation / gender (These two terms are not the same) (In Humans, Gender is a part of pre-mortal, moral and post mortal identity) is determined during the development of an organism, in higher animals [and humans] this occurs during embryonic development but in other, such as rats, this occurs shortly after birth. Researchers can change the sexual orientation of rats by injecting female hormones into male rats resulting in the rats behaving as if they were female and vice versa. In the 1950's researchers at Syracuse University [New York] shower that genetically male chickens exposed to DDT grew up and acted like hens. (but they didn't lay eggs!)

There has been little research on the effects of chemicals on humans and extrapolating field studies on wildlife and laboratory experiments to humans is controversial. Given that the hormones controlling development have stayed constant throughout vertebrate evolution, the hormones controlling development of tadpoles into frogs are the same as which control human sexual development. Theo Colborn, a researcher at University of Wisconsin, has raised the question that if these chemicals are causing a worldwide decline in frog populations what effects are they having on humans? There has apparently been an increase in human diseases and congenital abnormalities that could be linked to hormonal disruption.

What does this mean for the transgender community? The jury is still out as far as a direct cause and effect, but there is some anecdotal evidence.)
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I'm sticking w/ frogs.

Tadpoles develop into males or females depending upon environmental conditions rather than chromosomes.
 
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Holy cow..... Ok, I think I'm sticking with frogs or fish.

The reason it is not alligators or other reptiles is because even though temperature determines their sex, it is still DURING their incubation period rather than after they hatch.

This has become a very interesting thread
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Thanks for everyone who has contributed. Tomorrow I will find out the true answer and, of course, I will let you all know!
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What about Kangaroos or pandas or possums? ... Hmmm... seems to me I have heard something along those lines.... *runs off to look it up*
 
Ok, I have banana nut bread cooling, and so I have been distracted... However, considering that marsupials(sp?) are considered embryos when they come into this world, I would say their sex is not determined until after birth. However, that doesn't necessarily include the question of chromosomes determining gender.

I have learned that in all birds(including our lovely chickens) the female determines the sex of the chick and not the male, so gender cannot be influenced or 'planned' for by sperm selection. The gender, again, would not be known until after the chick hatches. But, it isn't a perfect fit either.

The next thing I would look at is micro-organisms, protozoa etc. Being that this is the beginning of a study chapter on genetics and chromosomes etc. and that it is only worth one to three extra credit points, the answer has to be easier than we are making it. How is sex determined? By the chromosomes inherited from the parents. Well, what doesn't inherit certain chromosomes from their parents but is influenced by their surroundings or needs? What about flies? Bees? However, with bees there is only one queen - so that limits that possibility. Flies, or similar insects that start out as larvae might not be determined until some time after being 'born'. It is a great question, and I will have to keep researching. Wish I had your text material. Because it is probably in there somewhere. You will soon get really absorbed in this lesson. I know I started to when looking to breed my dogs. It can be fascinating and maddening at the same time. Best of Success!!!
 
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***UPDATE***

Today my teacher gave us an extra day to find out the animal. Here are the hints she gave us and the ones that I have originally posted:

*Is a mammal
*Not a reptile
*Not native to North America
*Is Not a Hermaphrodite
*The FRONT legs are longer than the BACK legs.
*Not a Rare animal
*Not a marsupial
*There is some environmental factor involved

Bummer.. marsupials sounded like good choices. But that also leaves out frogs and fish.
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Well, I guess that kinda narrows it down.
 
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Oh yea... forgot to mention...


My friends at school saw this thread when they searched on one of the many search engines... When they told me about it i was like "
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omg....
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" So... incase they see this...



BUZZ OFF GUYS!!!

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You might (or might not <g>) want to point out to your teacher that many fish fit the criteria originally given (see my earlier post on this thread), even if "fish" was not the answer she was *thinking* of.

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Pat, still coming up blank on what the answer is (afaik hyenas' sex is chromosomal, although the females' anatomy is masculinized, probably hormonally)
 

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