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Above all, choose for shape-- in choosing, select shorter, wider back with best heart girth width. This will not necessarily be your heaviest bird but it is good if the cockerel weighs about 5 lbs at 16 weeks old. Look for a thick skull (the thickest skull bird will usually be the one with best heart girth) also thick shanks. I get a lot of decent combs so I don't select on that feature nor do I necessarily select for color. With some experience, you will learn to know the most likely keepers at 16 weeks of age. For the first couple of times, try to keep more cockerels for longer so you can see the differences.
I also think it is OK to put 16 week olds with your all grown laying hens if there is ample room for them to get away if they have to. Sometimes, the older hens can be vicious to young pullets. The older hens will also bully young cockerels. Unless the pullets were hatched in May or June, they should start laying at 24-28 weeks old. If in May or June, it could be 30-36 weeks of age before laying just because of the decreasing daylight hours coinciding with start of laying age (from my experience).
When you have a full grown rooster, I advise not introducing pullets to him until they are laying. I have had a big rooster accidently break a wing of a young 16-20 week old pullet. Young cockerels can also hurt smaller birds. I had one trying to jump on young keets (and everything that moved), and I had to put him up.
Thank you for all the help - we are keeping the five heaviest cockerels (the ones with pics here) longer and moved them into the coop with the hens - and those nice little hens are bullying the heck out of the bigger Buckeye cockerels. As we continue to evaluate the cockerels, we will be looking at heart girth and skull thickness. Is there a good quantitative way to measure heart girth?
For the pullets, we plan to move the bigger ones into the coop after the cockerels have integrated a bit, but then I wonder on the smaller pullets? Should we keep them, or at what point and how should you select for Buckeye hens?