Quote:
You already know the The Big 5, you just don't know you do. The Big 5 are simply the traditional dual purpose birds raised in America for well over a century now:
- Plymouth Rocks (in their many varieties)
- Reds (Rhode Island and New Hampshire)
- Wyandottes
- Orpingtons
- Brahma
* The bantam versions of these, where they exist, are included. Note I have eliminated the Leghorn - it is a great egger, but a scrawny and meager table bird.
While two of these are not American in origin, they were all developed to the peak of effectiveness and efficiency long before we came along with our dizzying array of breeds. They served the profitable food markets of America until the advent of specialization and factory methods in the 1950's. Back when chickens were reared by the hand of man, under the glow of Gods sun, these were the ones most often recommended for success. If that is what you, too, intend for chickens, they remain the optimum choice.
Once the second age of 'chicken fancy' got going (early 1900's), we began to see an explosion of varieties and oddities. There are more than I can count, or care to, most of which have their adherents. Some are downright popular, especially the *cute* ones. But, many of the 'new breed' (pardon the pun), while useful, have limited long-term viability. To borrow a current phrase, without careful management they're *unsustainable.* Many retain that flaw, no matter how much you 'manage' them. Cornish X's and Sex-links are an example of this.
Some perfectly suited birds are regional favorites, like the trusty Buckeye... which sadly limits their availability and probably their breed longevity if we're to be honest. A few other good ones are near extinct and so can be discounted for general use.
There can be more than five, as we know. Wherever people are involved, you will find the desire for unique difference. And "choice" is the main reason behind the many varieties available. What is often overlooked is that the highly bred, 'genetic soup' breeds will begin to fail after just a few breeding seasons. Without careful culling and selection, they revert back to their ancestral origins. Even with careful management, there is always the "sport," trying to kick back.
Most modern-day chickeneers are not up to the task of breeding for type and don't know how to be. When they do try it, they prefer to create colorful feathers, going for a certain "look." This is what I like to refer to, tongue in cheek, as "yard confetti."
But these Big 5 have been bred out long and true enough to remain useful, even IF we fail to maintain their purity. Before the 1900's, America's poultry business was a shoddy thing, barely able to supply the growing population. We were the laughing stock of the international competitions of the day. These five breeds were the beginnings and the foundation that brought us from that lowly state. They upheld poultry's Golden Age.
This is why I remain stubbornly convinced that, while you can do whatever you want, you need no more than the Big 5 breeds and their derivatives, on your own small steads.