Just something historical I like to share. The story behind the first vaccine from dr Jenner and the first anti-vaxers (from an article in NRC in the Netherlands).:
Take smallpox, a terrible disease for centuries and a leading cause of death in children. Doctors had no idea what to do. But rural British doctor Edward Jenner noticed something: milkmaids were less likely to get smallpox. He suspected that the girls came into contact with 'organisms' - viruses had not yet been discovered - through the cow's udders - which caused cowpox. Would these organisms protect them from true smallpox?
In 1796 he started an experiment. Jenner cut the skin of his gardener's eight-year-old son and inoculated him with the pus from a cow's pox pimple. The boy had mild symptoms. Six weeks later, Jenner gave him a shot of "true" smallpox. The boy did not get sick. The cowpox inoculation had made him resistant. Jenner sent an article about his finding to the Royal Academy. He got it back with the comment that he shouldn't jeopardize his reputation with baseless cow cures.
We don't blame the royal academics: Jenner's find defies imagination. A doctor who deliberately sickens a child to protect him from illness? That pus from sick cows plopped into an innocent child's arm? That's beastly. Unnatural. The world's first vaccine went against all intuition.
The anti-vaxers came soon too. In 1805, physician William Rowley published a vicious pamphlet. He also came up with strange stories. For example, he knew someone who had developed a cow's head after vaccination, another had started to moo and there was one who started walking on all fours. Later, there were more grumpy demonstrations in which a straw doll that Dr. Jenner was supposed to represent was set on fire.
Jenner imperturbably campaigned for his idea and delivered one of the greatest breakthroughs in medicine. It would be another two centuries before the disease was completely overcome.