OK, well here is the beginning. I will correct more as I have time
Wild European Coturnix "common quail" were widely distributed in Europe, Africa, and Asia. They were classified as
Coturnix coturnix including several subspecies. The Japanese Quail
Coturnix japonica are IDENTICAL to the European quail. They did not interbreed more so evolved into the domestic quail we raise today.
Colors/varieties
Pharaoh- the original color one would see in the wild, wild-type pattern
Jumbo Brown- Pharaoh selectively bred to be larger
English White- homozygous for recessive white. Most have black or brown spotting (NOTE a gene or dominant white has been reported and that the homozygous birds are of low viability).
Texas A and M- selectively bred from English white to produce large birds for the meat industry.
Manchurian Golden- yellow gold with brown stripes. A single dominant gene for yellow changes wild type to Manchurian. The gene is lethal IF homozygous, there are light and dark tints to the Manchurian
Dark British Range- Also known as Tibetan. It looks like a dark chocolate bird with a white throat. Some have more white on them. Comes in Tux patterns
British Range- Also known a Rosetta. A combination of an English white and a Tibetan. A lighter orange/tan color throughout body. Some look Tuxedo like...The UK call them American Range
Silver- Not much known yet
Tuxedo- two colored pied pattern. This is a result of a combination of the genes for chocolate with genes for recessive white.
Red Tuxedo- A new two colored pied pattern. Looks like a normal tux but the red replaces the chocolate. A combination of Fawn and English white.
Red Golden- Another new variety. A nice red color with gold pinning.
Fawn- A lighter color of the wild coturnix. Recessive. People mistake this color as cinnamon which is false.
