Signs of bloat:
The abdomen is obviously distended, especially on the left side.
Signs of discomfort such as "mawing", kicking or grinding their teeth. Depression
In more serious forms: difficulty breathing.
Treatment:
Stop the goat from eating any more.
Administer orally 1/4 - 1/3 cup of vegetable/peanut oil.
The oil breaks the tension of the bubbles in the stomach/fermentation vat, so they can then pop and the gas expelled.
Do not use mineral oil. Because mineral oil is tasteless, the goat may not know to swallow and the mineral oil could get into their lungs.
Massage goats sides, especially the left side (rumen) until the goat begins to burp and fart.
If the bloat is really bad, call a vet immediately because the pressure in the abdomen can could stop the lungs and heart from working. The veterinarian will release the gas by making a small incision. The incision is made four fingers width behind the bottom of the ribs on the left side of the goat as it lies.
If the goat is near death, as a last resort, you may try puncturing the rumen with a stabbing action, using a very sharp, pointed knife or preferably a trocar and cannula. Aim for the highest spot on the left side and plunge into the rumen. The danger with this is that the rumen contents and/or dirt from the outside can get between the layers between the rumen, peritoneum and skin and cause a very serious infection called peritonitis. But if the goat in near death, anything is worth trying to save her.
*ETA- BE CAREFUL GIVING OIL, They can aspirate it into their lungs! Put the syringe far back in the corner of the mouth and depress the plunger SLOWLY*