We just got hit by mites for the first time, evidently a couple months ago, though it wasn't until about a week ago that my wife figured it out (she was getting bitten all over, with an itchy rash and welts). We used the DE, mainly by directly hand-dusting all the chickens and spreading some of it around the coop, dust bath areas, etc.. Several of our birds had not been dustbathing, and they were hit the earliest and hardest. DE knocked out most if not all of the mites promptly, but this led me to do some research online, and I discovered a few interesting things:
1) DE seems to mainly work by absorbing oils and waxes from arthropod (insect and mite) exoskeletons, causing the bugs to dehydrate. Somewhat contrary to the notion that the sharp edges of DE particles scratch the cuticle, not that the difference is very important...
2) ...except that there's no evidence that using DE internally has any benefits beyond providing some trace minerals/elements, in case the animal or human is deficient in those. Despite all the anecdotal stories about it, DE does
not seem to be effective against internal parasites. Makes sense if dehydration is the mechanism - how's that going to happen inside anyone's gut? There's an "alternative medicine" movement by people trying to profit from selling DE as a cure-all for a long list of ailments. If you have some experience in this kind of thing, it's pretty easy to spot the pseudoscience mumbo-jumbo about imaginary benefits of eating silica, DE in particular. It's all over the web; you can hardly enter "diatomaceous earth" without tripping over this scam/fad. In case you have better uses for your hard-earned cash, take all that with a healthy grain of...um...salt.
3) Because I had successfully used sulfur powder in the past to prevent chigger bites (chiggers are a very close relative of chicken mites), I looked into sulfur as a mite treatment. It turns out that someone published the results of a careful research project about a year ago, comparing the anti-chicken-mite effects of DE, kaolin (a type of clay, common in many soils), and sulfur powder. See
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00997.x/full. To my surprise, DE was fairly effective, but no better than kaolin (i.e., common everyday dusty dirt), and neither of those came anywhere close to the effectiveness of sulfur.
4) Perhaps the most interesting results of this research are that the mite killing effects of sulfur last a lot longer than those of DE, and that even the chickens that don't dustbathe, but live together, benefit almost as much as those that do bathe. That does not seem to be true of DE.
5) Elemental sulfur is non-toxic, and it qualifies as an organic treatment, when used in a reasonable and moderate way. It seems to be even safer than DE to breathe in small quantities of dust. Sulfur can burn if used stupidly, but it's not highly flammable like gasoline, or even like sawdust, shavings, straw... It is an abundant element, common as a nutrient in many foods, including egg yolks as I think everyone knows, and it's tolerated by most large animals across a wide range of compounds and dosages. Fortunately for us, mites and lice don't deal with pure sulfur so well!
6) Sulfur powder, also called "sulfur flowers," is pretty cheap, only a little more per pound than DE - but you don't need to use nearly as much of it. I found it on
Amazon for about $25/10 lb, which should be several years' supply. Drugstores used to carry it, since it was popular in the past as a mild laxative, but it's not so common locally now.
For more about this, see the discussion at:
https://www.backyardchickens.com/t/672392/will-sulfur-hurt-my-ducks-or-geese#post_10995482