Somebody asked a few pages back about a university website with guidelines about the duration of fertility. I just found the following:
From Genetics of the Fowl, F.B. Hutt (1949)
“After single matings that yielded fertile eggs, the average time elapsing before laying of the first fertile eggs was found to be 57.1 hours by Curtis and Lambert and 66 hours by Nicolaides. Fronda’s record of getting a fertile egg in 20 hours stood for 8 years but was finally wrested away from him by Nicolaides, who, in 68 trials, got one fertile egg 19.5 hours after mating. Since the earliest fertile egg obtained by Van Drimmelen (1945) after putting semen directly in the abdominal cavity came through 19 hours later, and since it take 26 minutes for spermatozoa to traverse the oviduct (Mimura, 1939), no one is likely to lower by more than 4 minutes this record for natural matings now held by Nicolaides. More important, perhaps, is the3 fact that fertility for a whole pen of females is likely to be sufficiently established by 6 or 7 days to warrant saving the eggs for hatching. With old males and with young ones not adequately exposed to light [12 hours was defined earlier in the chapter] a longer time may be necessary.
After removal of the male, the average duration of fertility was found to be 10.7 days by Curtis and Lambert, 14.8 days by Nicolaides. The high records here are 29 and 32 days recorded by Nicolaides and Crew, respectively. In practice, poultrymen recognize that, a week after removal of the male, fertility is declining so rapidly that only special circumstances warrant saving eggs longer than 12 or 14 days.
It is important to know how soon after one male is replaced by another the influence of the first will be lost so that all or most of the fertile eggs can be attributed to the second sire. This has a special significance for breeders who are testing two or three consecutive series of cockerels in the same pens in one breeding season, as it is desirable to reduce to a minimum the number of eggs that must be discarded between series because paternity of chicks hatched from them would be in doubt. It was found by Crew (1926) and by Warren and Kilpatrick (1929) that in such cases the influence of the first male is lost in 7 to 10 days and frequently in as little as 3 to 5 days. Furthermore, once the second male’s sperm begin to fertilize eggs of any one hen, few of them, if any, are subsequently fertilized by the first male. However, there is apparently some variation among males in persistence of their spermatozoa in competition with those of a replacing sire. Altogether, it seems clear that 7 to 10 days are ample as an interim when one male replaces another.” [With A.I. the time lost is much less than with pen matings.]