https://www.ars.usda.gov/southeast-...ral-diseases-research/docs/newcastle-disease/
"The occurrence of END in commercial poultry is reportable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) and impacts international trade in poultry and poultry products. The two most devastating END outbreaks in theU. S. have occurred in Southern California. The first of those occurred during 1971-1974, was traced to the importation and release of infected exotic pet birds, and cost over $56 million in Federal funds to eradicate. The second occurred during 2002-2003, started in back yard holdings of illegally imported game fowl, and eventually spread to commercial poultry. Over $180 million in Federal funds was expended to eradicate that outbreak. Although virulent forms of END virus have been eradicated from poultry, they are periodically recovered from illegally imported pet and game birds and from migratory water-birds, particularly the double-crested cormorant. These sources of virulent NDV are a continuing threat to the U. S. poultry industry."
"The occurrence of END in commercial poultry is reportable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) and impacts international trade in poultry and poultry products. The two most devastating END outbreaks in theU. S. have occurred in Southern California. The first of those occurred during 1971-1974, was traced to the importation and release of infected exotic pet birds, and cost over $56 million in Federal funds to eradicate. The second occurred during 2002-2003, started in back yard holdings of illegally imported game fowl, and eventually spread to commercial poultry. Over $180 million in Federal funds was expended to eradicate that outbreak. Although virulent forms of END virus have been eradicated from poultry, they are periodically recovered from illegally imported pet and game birds and from migratory water-birds, particularly the double-crested cormorant. These sources of virulent NDV are a continuing threat to the U. S. poultry industry."
