The best insurance against doughy bread in the center of the loaf is an instant-read thermometer! I've been baking bread for 30-some years and I still check every loaf when it comes out of the oven.
Regular loaf recipes, white, whole wheat and multi-grain, rich egg and butter braids like challah should all register at least 190 F. Hearth type boules and baguettes that are baked on a baking stone should register 200-205 F. Remove a loaf from the oven, turn it out if it is in a pan, and insert the thermometer into the bottom of the loaf so that the end of the probe goes about half-way into the center of the loaf. If the temp fails to get high enough, put the loaf back in the pan or on the stone and bake another 5 minutes, then check the temp again.
With practice, you will begin to learn how the bread dough looks and feels when the ratio of flour to liquid is correct. Bread making is somewhat less precise than cake or pastry making. The temperature and humidity of your kitchen and the weather outside plus the growing and storing conditions of your bag of wheat flour can all have an effect on the amount of flour needed that day with that recipe. That is why many bread recipes may read " 5-6 cups bread flour, as needed."