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Optimum protein source really depends on the breed and even the individual dog. My dogs are for the most part "beef dogs," but for variety we give them chicken, turkey, venison, mackerel, trout, etc. The key is in making sure that the ratios of protein to fat are right, as well as the ratio of muscle to organ meat.
I'm not big on guesswork, so I've been feeding the Volhard Natural Diet for over a decade now. I like the research that went into it, and the fact that it was clinically tested on generations of dogs before being published.
I won't say it costs less to feed than a premium commercial food--well, yeah, I will. Since ingredients are fresh and locally available for the most part, I'm not shipping in bags of food, which is the only way for me to get the kinds of foods I'd prefer in commercial diets. But it DOES cost more than anything I can buy off a shelf locally, for sure.
Part of the "payback," though, is lower vet bills over the long run. Most of my dogs never need dentals, though I do have one sire-line that does need dentals. No one ever gets sick.
It's definitely something worth learning about. My favorite text on the subject is Juliette di Bairiclay-Levy's "Herbal Handbook For The Dog and Cat," and then building on JBL's work is Wendy Volhard's "Holistic Guide For The Healthy Dog."