Bamboo is extremely invasive in some areas, check before planting.So I haven't gone this route (though I was involved with a relevant project once) and to answer it need to rely more on book knowledge than experience, but since you are looking for edible things to plant, the chicken-friendly ornamentals mentioned earlier might not cut the mustard with the other members of the field association.
So, flicking through Crawford's chapter on Shrubs (chap 13), he starts with the common berries and currants, then moves onto a range of which this is just highlights:
Amelanchier (we have one, more high than wide),
Arbutus unedo aka Strawberry tree (had one, loved it; strongly recommended, evergreen and windproof too),
Quinces - he thinks the flowering varieties (chaenomeles spp) are more reliable and versatile crops than the true quince (cydonia oblonga); we have them but don't consume them,
Fuschias (their fruits are edible but flowers difficult to pollinate here, so don't often produce fruit),
Goji berry (apparently already naturalized in many parts of the UK),
Mahonia (berries are edible; I also have this and recommend it; evergreen, tough - front line shelter belt here - and lovely scented flowers in winter),
Roses (hips are edible),
Elder (have here; recommended; chickens love them too),
Bamboo (seeds are edible - it's a grass, and shoots), which you are familiar with and know makes good chicken cover
Bay, and
Garrya elliptica aka fever bush, which we don't have but I recall my mum was a big fan of in her garden.
How much any of these might cost you I have no idea. Some self seed easily so you might be able to pick up for free if you ask around.