It's really not that late. I just transplanted some peppers, chilies and tomatoes yesterday and my season is shorter than yours. Theoretically you could even start a short season tomato like early girl from seed and get fruit by the middle of September.
Limas, favas and snap beans and summer squash can still be planted.
Herbs would be a good idea too. There's still time for basil, just harvest it all before frost or it will be ruined. Tarragon, chives, thyme, oregano, parsley, rosemary and sage are all hardy.
Then planting for a fall crop you probably still have time for endive, celery and Brussels sprouts.
I'm starting head lettuce next week; carrots, cabbage and broccoli the following week, leaf lettuce and cauliflower at the end of the month, spinach, peas and kale go in the middle of August. Spinach should overwinter nicely there.
Leeks, shallots and garlic are good to put in now. Maybe wait a little on the garlic and overwinter it.
I sure wish my apprentice hadn't totaled his car or I'd have had a killer garden this year. I can still save all the seeds for next year.