
Despite all my new hügelkultur pallet wood raised beds filled with good topsoil and chicken run compost, I am officially stating that my growing season here in northern Minnesota was less than average this year. We had lots of hazy days early in the growing season due to Canadian fires sending smoke down to us. Many days we had advisories for polluted air outside. My guess, all that haze blocked out the sunshine when the plants needed it most for growth. It put everything behind and they never really rebounded.
Also, due to the smoke, I think our days and nights this summer were cooler. I planted some tropical veggies in my garden and they hardly grew this year. Of course, living in Minnesota, tropical veggies are stressed to produce in our short growing season, but in years past I have had some success. Not this year.

Last year I lost most of my produce to deer. They wiped out most of my tomatoes and peppers in just one night. It was heartbreaking.

This year, I had chicken wire cages on almost all my raised beds for protection. Despite being a below average year for growing food, I ended up harvesting more food than last year thanks to the cages.
Well, that, and I always try to plant more than I think we will need. So, with less than great results per plant, I still ended up harvesting more than enough for our needs.
FYI, I asked CoPilot what my Air Quality Index in northern Minnesota this summer was compared to Los Angeles, which is the most polluted air I have been in before. Here is what I found out...
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You're right — your
AQI of 155 is considered
“Unhealthy” for everyone, not just sensitive groups. That’s a serious level of pollution, especially when caused by wildfire smoke.
Los Angeles AQI Comparison (September 2025):
- Current AQI: Around 40–60, depending on the hour and neighborhood
- Category: “Good” to “Moderate”
- PM2.5 levels: ~6–7 µg/m³
- Main pollutant: PM2.5, but well below hazardous thresholds
What That Means:
- Your AQI at 155: Unhealthy for all — outdoor activity should be limited.
- Los Angeles at 40–60: Generally safe, with only mild concern for sensitive individuals.
So yes, your smoke event this summer
outpaced LA’s typical smog levels, which is rare and alarming.
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Of course, not every day had an AQI of 155. But we had weeks of haze blocking out sunshine.

Hoping next year will be better!