http://www.westvet.com/collibacilliosis.htm
I read the SPPA articles and gave special attention the the article on bleach in the birds' water...I had an issue with this last fall, with birds in a flock sneezing, coughing, unable to breathe and dying despite the $$$ of antibiotics I used...I went through Sulpha, into Tetracycline, then into injecting tylan for MG, and it went on and on, and I sent a bird to the Washington State Avian Health Lab, and then did cultures and necropsy (weeks have gone by now) and the cultures take more time, the bird examined, a blue copper marans hen, was found to have heavy sinus musous...
Then after surfing the internet and going NUTS for help, I found the article above.
2 cups of household bleach (CHEAP!!) in a gallon of water in a milk jug....from this solution, add 1 Tablespoon to a gallon of water for your birds that are healthy, and 2 Tablespoons of the solution to the water if your birds are sick...and all was well....
I lost several extremely expensive birds, Golden Cuckoo Marans Cockeral, among many others, and hundreds of dollars from one antibiotic after another...and all I needed was chlorine.
The birds dip deep, and rinse their beaks and sinus cavities...it cleansess the crop...and within 1 hr of giveing this solution...all was well.
It was amazing !
Wanted to say thanks for the article !!!
What they had was Collibaciliosis, E. Coli infection of the head/sinus...from water untreated by chlorine from our well...our home water is treated, our bird water was not.
And as it says in the SPPA article, bird feaces kicked into their water can reproduce and cause a build up of all sorts of nasty bacteria, even at cold temps.
Mind you, I scrub and clean bird water buckets every day...I do not use fonts left for days...I also use a biosecure system of washing one's boots in the same water with a few tablespoons of the bleach solution described.
So, everyone read the article in the winter bulletin of the SPPA, read what Charles Everett says about bleach in the bird's water.