Smith and Jones combined age is 91. Smith is twice as old as Jones was when Smith was as old as Jones is now.
Smith is obviously the older and the age gap is d. Smiths age is s and Jones age is j.
So we have two equations:
s + j = 91 . (1)
s - d = j ... (2)
Smith is twice as old as Jones was when Smith was as old as Jones is now, so reducing Smiths age by d to make Smith what Jones age was gives us
s - 2d = j - d ... (3)
Now j - d is what Jones age was d years ago which means that Smiths age is now is twice that.
Therefore we use (3) to get
s = 2(s - 2d) .... (4)
Rearranging (4): s = 2s - 4d gives 4d = s or d = s/4
Substituting this into (2): s - s/4 = j gives 3s/4 = j
Now substituting this into (1) gives s + 3s/4 = 91
7s/4 = 91; s/4 = 13; s = 52; j = 39.
So, Smith is 52 and Jones is 39; 13 years ago when Smith was 39 Jones was 26.
Check the details:
52 + 39 = 91
When Smith was 39, Jones was 26; Smith is now 2 times 26 = 52.
I hope this helps.
After much algebra my darling husband an Electrical/Mechanical Engineer (who has had much algebra/calculus/diffrential equations/matrix algebra... etc with all A's) his answer is Jones = 39 and Smith = 52. He's explaining it to me now so I can give you all his equations.
ETA: Someone gave enough in an earlier post of the same equations so I'll save me some time and not bother